Pathologists

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What do Pathologists do?

A pathologist is a doctor who studies diseases and injuries by examining body fluids, tissues, and organs, often through surgical biopsies or autopsies. 

They provide crucial diagnostic information to other physicians, enabling them to make diagnoses, guide treatment, and understand disease processes.

These processes cover areas ranging from cancer and infections to blood disorders and cellular changes.  

What they do

Provide Diagnoses: They diagnose diseases by analyzing patient samples, such as blood, tissue, or fluid, to identify the cause and extent of an illness. 

Guided Treatment: By understanding the specific cellular changes associated with a disease, pathologists help doctors determine the most effective treatments. 

Support Research: They investigate disease mechanisms and the effects of new drugs in clinical trials. 

Determine Causes of Death: A pathologist performs autopsies to understand the causes of death and disease processes in deceased individuals. 

Types of Pathologists

Pathologists specialize in various areas of medicine, including:

Anatomical Pathology: Examines tissues, organs, and whole bodies (autopsies) to diagnose disease. 

Clinical Pathology (Laboratory Medicine): Focuses on analyzing blood, urine, and other body fluids for disease markers. 

Specialized Subspecialties: Include hematopathology (blood diseases), cytopathology (cellular analysis), forensic pathology (cause of death), dermatopathology (skin diseases), and medical microbiology (infectious agents), among others. 

Pathologist Training

Pathologist training includes: 

• 4 years of pre-medical education.
• 4 years of medical school to earn an MD or DO degree.
• A residency in anatomical and/or clinical pathology.
• Further fellowship training in a subspecialty, such as pediatric pathology or forensic pathology.

Anatomic Pathologists

Healthcare Taxonomy Code 207ZP0101X

A pathologist examines the causes and nature of disease, contributing to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment by applying laboratory techniques in the biological, chemical, and physical sciences.

A pathologist uses information gathered from the microscopic examination of tissue specimens, cells, and body fluids, as well as from clinical laboratory tests on body fluids and secretions, to diagnose, exclude, and monitor diseases.

Anatomic Pathology & Clinical Pathology Physicians

Healthcare Taxonomy Code 207ZP0102X

A pathologist examines the causes and nature of disease, contributing to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment by applying laboratory techniques in the biological, chemical, and physical sciences.

A pathologist uses information gathered from the microscopic examination of tissue specimens, cells, and body fluids, as well as from clinical laboratory tests on body fluids and secretions, to diagnose, exclude, and monitor diseases.

Blood Banking & Transfusion Medicine Physicians

Healthcare Taxonomy Code 207ZB0001X

A physician specializing in blood banking/transfusion medicine is responsible for maintaining an adequate blood supply, ensuring the safety of both blood donors and patients, and ensuring the appropriate utilization of blood.

Pre-transfusion compatibility testing and antibody testing ensure that blood transfusions, when indicated, are as safe as possible.

This physician directs the preparation and safe use of specially prepared blood components, including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma constituents, and marrow or stem cells for transplantation.

Chemical Pathologists

Healthcare Taxonomy Code 207ZP0104X

A chemical pathologist has expertise in the biochemistry of the human body as it relates to understanding disease causation and progression.

This physician functions as a clinical consultant in the diagnosis and treatment of human disease.

Chemical pathology involves the application of biochemical data to detect, confirm, or monitor diseases.

Clinical Informatics Pathologists

Healthcare Taxonomy Code 207ZC0008X

Physicians who practice Clinical Informatics collaborate with other health care and information technology professionals to analyze, design, implement, and evaluate information and communication systems that enhance individual and population health outcomes, improve patient care, and strengthen the clinician-patient relationship.

Clinical Informaticians use their knowledge of patient care combined with their understanding of informatics concepts, methods, and tools to: assess information and knowledge needs of health care professionals and patients; characterize, evaluate, and refine clinical processes; develop, implement, and refine clinical decision support systems; and lead or participate in the procurement, customization, development, implementation, management, evaluation, and continuous improvement of clinical information systems.

Clinical Pathologists

Healthcare Taxonomy Code 207ZC0006X

A pathologist examines the causes and nature of disease, contributing to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment by applying laboratory techniques in the biological, chemical, and physical sciences.

A pathologist uses information gathered from the microscopic examination of tissue specimens, cells, and body fluids, as well as from clinical laboratory tests on body fluids and secretions, to diagnose, exclude, and monitor diseases.

Clinical Pathology/Laboratory Medicine Physicians

Healthcare Taxonomy Code 207ZP0105X

A pathologist examines the causes and nature of disease, contributing to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment by applying laboratory techniques in the biological, chemical, and physical sciences.

A pathologist uses information gathered from the microscopic examination of tissue specimens, cells, and body fluids, as well as from clinical laboratory tests on body fluids and secretions, to diagnose, exclude, and monitor diseases.

Cytopathologists

Healthcare Taxonomy Code 207ZC0500X

A cytopathologist is an anatomic pathologist trained in the diagnosis of human disease by studying cells obtained from body secretions and fluids, or by scraping, washing, or sponging the surface of a lesion, or by aspirating a tumor mass or body organ with a fine needle.

A significant aspect of a cytopathologist’s practice is the interpretation of Papanicolaou-stained smears of cells from the female reproductive system, commonly referred to as the “Pap” test.

However, the cytopathologist’s expertise is applied to diagnosing cells from all body systems and areas.

He/she is a consultant to all medical specialists.

Dermatopathologists

Healthcare Taxonomy Code 207ZD0900X

A dermatopathologist is an expert in diagnosing and monitoring diseases of the skin, including infectious, immunologic, degenerative, and neoplastic diseases.

This entails the examination and interpretation of specially prepared tissue sections, cellular scrapings, and skin lesion smears using light, electron, and fluorescence microscopy.

Forensic Pathologists

Healthcare Taxonomy Code 207ZF0201X

A forensic pathologist is an expert in investigating and evaluating cases of sudden, unexpected, suspicious, and violent death, as well as other specific classes of death defined by law.

The forensic pathologist serves the public as coroner or medical examiner, or by performing medicolegal autopsies for such officials.

Hematopathologists

Healthcare Taxonomy Code 207ZH0000X

A hematopathologist is an expert in diseases that affect blood cells, blood clotting mechanisms, bone marrow, and lymph nodes.

This physician has the knowledge and technical skills essential for the laboratory diagnosis of anemias, leukemias, lymphomas, bleeding disorders, and blood clotting disorders.

Immunopathology Physicians

Healthcare Taxonomy Code 207ZI0100X

A pathologist who specializes in diagnosing immunologic diseases.

Medical Microbiology Physicians

Healthcare Taxonomy Code 207ZM0300X

A medical microbiologist is an expert in the isolation and identification of microbial agents that cause infectious disease.

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites are identified and, where possible, tested for susceptibility to appropriate antimicrobial agents.

Molecular Genetic Pathologists

Healthcare Taxonomy Code 207ZP0007X

A molecular genetic pathologist is an expert in the principles, theory, and technologies of molecular biology and molecular genetics.

This expertise is utilized to diagnose or confirm Mendelian genetic disorders, disorders of human development, infectious diseases, and malignancies, as well as to assess the natural history of these disorders.

A molecular genetic pathologist provides information on gene structure, function, and alteration, and applies laboratory techniques for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in individuals with related disorders.

Neuropathology Physicians

Healthcare Taxonomy Code 207ZN0500X

A neuropathologist is an expert in diagnosing diseases of the nervous system and skeletal muscles and primarily functions as a consultant to neurologists and neurosurgeons.

The neuropathologist is knowledgeable about diseases affecting the nervous and neuromuscular systems in humans, including degenerative, infectious, metabolic, immunologic, neoplastic, vascular, and physical causes.

Pediatric Pathologists

Healthcare Taxonomy Code 207ZP0213X

A pediatric pathologist is an expert in the laboratory diagnosis of diseases that occur during fetal development, infancy, and childhood.

The practice requires a strong foundation in general pathology, a substantial understanding of normal growth and development, and extensive knowledge of pediatric medicine.

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